Resistance of a nichrome wire Essay Example

Resistance of a nichrome wire Paper Introduction In this piece of coursework I aim to find the effects of length on a piece of nichrome wire. Resistance is a force which opposes the flow of an electrical current, this is why energy is needed to push the particles around. The circuit also contains its own resistance if the wires vary in thickness, a thin wire has a high resistance as there is less room for the particles to move and a thick wire has a low resistance because the particles can move around very easily. Its also measured in ohms. George Ohm discovered that the emf (Electro motive force) is directly proportional to the current, this means if you double one you double the other. He called this resistance; the formula for working it out is as follows- Resistance = Volts Current Prediction I predict that as the length increases the resistance will also increase in proportion to the length, my graph should also show that they are proportional this is from my scientific knowledge that says. Nichrome wire conducts electricity very well and because current is the movement of atoms through the wire, if the wires length is doubled so is the number of electrons which will double the resistance. Predicted graph- How am I going to do it? Materials 1. Power pack 2. Rheostat 3. Volt meter 4. Ammeter 5. Nichrome wire 6. Wires 7. Crocodile clips 8. Sellotape The wire was sellotaped to a metre rule with excess at both ends for the crocodile clips to be attached. The rest of the equipment was assembled as shown in the diagram below. We will write a custom essay sample on Resistance of a nichrome wire specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Resistance of a nichrome wire specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Resistance of a nichrome wire specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer I chose to take the readings in ten 10cm gaps. I placed a crocodile clip at each measurement and record the resistance three times for an accurate average and then put the averages on a graph. Circuit diagram Results table To make sure of a fair test I am going to do the test 3 times and then plot a mean on a graph. Length Pd(v) Current (I) Resistance(V/A) 3 Length Pd(v) Current (I) Resistance. From all these results a mean was worked out. Length Resistance What do they mean? Without a graph its hard to tell below is a graph of the results Conclusion The graph is a straight line and passes through the origin, this indicates that resistance is directly proportional to length. This means that if the length is doubled then so is the resistance Evaluation From my graph I can see that my results that I collected are very reliable. I know this because my graph does not show any anomalies, this is because the graph is a straight line with no bulges or severe direction changes. There are several changes I could make to ensure better results were gained. When I was measuring the lengths of wire, my measurements might have been inaccurate, as the rulers used might be slightly varied and not exact. It was difficult to get an accurate reading of length by eye, as the wire was not completely straight or flat, these could have caused slight variations in my results. But not affected them too much. Other variables that could be changed are * Temperature of the wire * Diameter of the wire Overall the experiment went well and my results were good, and clearly prove my hypothesis. 1 5 1 Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Electricity and Magnetism section.

Training and selective stimulus control in rats Essay Example

Training and selective stimulus control in rats Essay Example Training and selective stimulus control in rats Paper Training and selective stimulus control in rats Paper The aim of the experiment was to show that rats demonstrated stimulus discrimination and selective stimulus control during operant conditioning. The first hypothesis was the subject would learn to discriminate between the VR16 conditions that signal reinforcement and the EXT conditions. It was also hypothesised that the stimulus used to discriminate between VR16 and EXT would either be the light or the tone, not a combination. The participant in this experiment was a 16-month-old, female, Spague Dawley albino rat that was randomly selected from a group of 20. The apparatus used was an operant chamber, which delivered two stimuli (a light and a tone) to the subject, and a reinforcer of diluted condensed milk. During the first week of experimentation the subject underwent discrimination training, this was followed by a series of probe trials in the second week. The results from the first week showed the subject learned that no reinforcement was given during EXT, because the rate of responding decreased. The second weeks results showed that high tone was the stimulus used to discriminate between the stimuli. These results supported both the hypotheses, and it was concluded that rats do demonstrate stimulus discrimination and selective stimulus control. The major theorists for the development of operant conditioning were Edward Thorndike (1910), John Watson (1914), and Burrhus Skinner (1938) (Huitt and Hummel, 1997). They proposed that learning is the result of the application of consequences following overt behaviour; that is, subjects begin to connect certain responses with certain stimuli. This led Thorndike to conclude that the probability of a specific response reoccurring is changed according to the consequences following the response, and he labelled this learning conditioning (Carlson and Buskist 1997, Huitt and Hummel, 1997). In 1910, Thorndike used the notion of consequences to teach cats and dogs to manipulate a latch in a puzzle-box, to activate a door and escape (Huitt and Hummel, 1997). The consequence was either punishment or reward (Carlson and Buskist, 1997). Thorndike measured the time it took the animal to escape over various trials, and over time he noted that the animals latency to escape decreased consistently until it would activate the lever immediately after being placed in the box (Huitt and Hummel, 1997). The reward of being freed from the box somehow strengthened the association between the stimulus of being in the box and the appropriate action (Huitt and Hummel, 1997). Thorndike concluded that the reward strengthened the stimulus-response associations (Carlson and Buskist, 1997). He then went on to formulate his law of effect, which can be summarised by saying that an animal is more likely to repeat a response if the result is favourable, and less likely to repeat the action if the consequences were not favourable (Carlson and Buskist, 1997). There were two possible consequences of a behaviour, reinforcement or punishment. These could be divided into two sub-categories, positive (sometimes called pleasant) and negative (sometimes called aversive). These could be added to or taken away from the environment in order to change the probability of a given response occurring again (Carlson and Buskist, 1997. Werzburg University). Punishment decreases the repetition of behaviour and reinforcement usually increases the likelihood of response being repeated. A stimulus that acts as an indicator to the subject, suggesting that a reinforcer is available is said to be a discriminative stimulus (Gleitman, 1995). A discriminative stimulus affects the subjects behaviour considerably (Gleitman, 1995), as it influences the likelihood of a response occurring (Carlson and Buskist, 1997). Reynolds (1961) conducted experiments where two pigeons learned to tap a red key with a white triangle. To determine which was the discriminative stimulus, he tested the two birds with either a plain red key or a plain key with just a white triangle. Reynolds (1961) found that the first bird used the red key as the discriminative stimulus and the second bird used the white triangle to discriminate between stimuli. This experiment is also an example of selective stimulus control, where each pigeon selected which stimulus it believed was responsible for producing the reinforcer. To effectively study how a subject behaves in a given environment and to certain stimuli, it was necessary to establish a schedule of reinforcement, which is a set of guidelines saying how often the subject is reinforced (Gleitman, 1995). Stimuli could be presented to the environment according to a schedule of which there were two categories: continuous and intermittent (Gleitman, 1995), or not at all using extinction. Continuous reinforcement simply means that the behaviour is followed by a consequence each time it occurs. Intermittent schedules were based either on the passage of time (interval schedules) or the number of correct responses emitted (ratio schedules). The consequence could be delivered based on the same amount of passage of time or the same number of correct responses (fixed) or it could be based on a slightly different amount of time or number of correct responses that vary around a particular number (variable). This results in four classes of intermittent schedules, fixed interval (FI), fixed ratio (FR), variable interval (VI), and variable ratio (VR) (Gleitman, 1995). [Note: Continuous reinforcement is actually a specific example of a fixed ratio schedule with only one response emitted before a consequence occurs.]. The final schedule was extinction. During extinction, the subject is no longer reinforced for producing a previously reinforced response. Because there is no reward for responding, the frequency of the response decreases until it stops altogether (Carlson and Buskist, 1997. Huitt and Hummel, 1997. Gleitman, 1995). For the purpose of this experiment we used two alternating schedules of consequence (Lab Manual Psychology 111/112, 2002), Variable Ratio of 16 (VR16), where a reinforcer was given after an average of 16 responses, and Extinction (EXT). VR schedule was chosen, as a variable ratio was thought to be the best for maintaining behaviour (Werzburg University).  The aim of the experiment was to demonstrate stimulus discrimination and selective stimulus control in rats, and in turn, give support to past research indicating that learning comes from experience. The subject for this experiment was a female, albino rat, approximately 18 months old. The rat was placed in the operant chamber and subjected to two stimuli, a light and a tone. VR was paired with a dull light and high tone (1000Hz) and EXT was paired with a bright light and a low tone (500Hz) (Lab Manual Psychology 111/112, 2002). By reviewing past research, two hypotheses were formulated. The initial hypothesis was that the subject would learn to discriminate between the VR16 conditions that signal reinforcement and the EXT conditions, and therefore the rates of responding during VR16 would be higher than during EXT. It was also hypothesised that the stimulus used by the rats to discriminate would either be the light or the tone, not a combination (selective stimulus control).

Adding Commas to a Paragraph

Adding Commas to a Paragraph This exercise offers practice in applying the rules for using commas effectively. Before attempting the exercise, you may find it helpful to review this article on comma usage. In the following paragraph, insert commas wherever you think they belong. (Try reading the paragraph aloud: at least in some cases, you should be able to hear where commas are needed.) When you are done, compare your work with the correctly punctuated version of the paragraph on page two. The Least Successful Car In 1957 Ford produced the car of the decadethe Edsel. Half of the models sold proved to be spectacularly defective. If lucky the proud owner of an Edsel could enjoy any or all of the following features: doors that wouldnt close hoods and trunks that wouldnt open batteries that went dead horns that stuck hubcaps that dropped off paint that peeled transmissions that seized up brakes that failed and push buttons that couldnt be pushed even with three people trying. In a stroke of marketing genius the Edsel one of the largest and most lavish cars ever built coincided with the rising public interest in economy cars. As Time magazine reported It was a classic case of the wrong car for the wrong market at the wrong time. Never popular to begin with the Edsel quickly became a national joke. One business writer at the time likened the cars sales graph to an extremely dangerous ski slope. He added that so far as he knew there was only one case of an Edsel ever being stolen. When you are done, compare your work with the correctly punctuated version of the paragraph below The Least Successful Car (Paragraph With Commas Restored) In 1957[,]  Ford produced the car of the decadethe Edsel. Half of the models sold proved to be spectacularly defective. If lucky[,]  the proud owner of an Edsel could enjoy any or all of the following features: doors that wouldnt close[,]  hoods and trunks that wouldnt open[,]  batteries that went dead[,]  horns that stuck[,]  hubcaps that dropped off[,]  paint that peeled[,]  transmissions that seized up[,]  brakes that failed[,]  and push buttons that couldnt be pushed even with three people trying. In a stroke of marketing genius[,]  the Edsel[,]  one of the largest and most lavish cars ever built[,]  coincided with the rising public interest in economy cars. As  Time  magazine reported[,]  It was a classic case of the wrong car for the wrong market at the wrong time. Never popular to begin with[,]  the Edsel quickly became a national joke. One business writer at the time likened the cars sales graph to an extremely dangerous ski slope. He added t hat so far as he knew there was only one case of an Edsel ever being stolen.

Financial essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Financial - Essay Example (Experian Plc. 2010) This company, in its history, has acquired numerous other corporations allowing it to expand its products and services. By 2009, Experian, Plc. declared in its annual report that its business now covers the provision of information, analytical tools and marketing services to organizations on a global scale which helps their clients manage risks, find and retain customers as well as automate decision-making. Experian, Plc. has a long history of mergers and acquisition. The main player in Experian’s development, however, was TRW. In 1996, TRW sold its Information System & Services Division to an investor group which in turn sold it to the British General Universal Store PLC (GUS PLC), which later merged the division with CCN. (Jentzsch 2007, p. 73) This conglomerate became what is now known as Experian and has an accumulated 240 million consumers in its file with a strategy guided by an aggressive acquisition around the world. (p. 73) Experian’s Information Solutions alone works with over 50,000 clients across industries including financial services, telecommunications, healthcare insurance, retail, catalog, automotive, manufacturing, leisure, utilities, property, e-commerce and government. (Plunkett 2006) As previously mentioned, Experian, Plc. follows an aggressive acquisition strategy around the world, successfully penetrating many European countries and as far as South Korea and South Africa. The latest of its overseas foray involved the acquisition of the full license to operate a credit bureau in India. This emphasis on merger activity is driven by the aim to gain competitive advantage by acquiring a wide range of services. According to Jenzsch, Experian has two other big rivals and that the competition is fierce with the high volume of credit reports needed by industries and consumers. (p. 74) All in all Experian’s range of merger activities reflect a vision which involved: The

HSA 530 week 2 db1 adn db2 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

HSA 530 week 2 db1 adn db2 - Coursework Example With HR function changing in recent years, a lot of responsibilities have shifted from the higher line to the line managers, activities like recruitment and subject setting are done by the line managers. Further, the drive towards individualization of the employment relationship has placed a new dimension of responsibilities on the shoulders of line managers. Among them is the emergence of collective pay, pay awards that are related to individual performance; which have made the role of line managers increasingly influential in HR. Research has found that where employees have a positive relationship with their front line managers, their likelihood of job satisfaction is high, commitment and loyalty; which are associated with high levels performance in turn (Fallon, JR &McConnell, 2012). The availability of Human Resource (HR) manager in a healthcare facility is very essential for the provision of essential services to the customers. The HR manager has a couple of important roles that they play in the running of the healthcare facility and some of those roles are discussion briefly in this section. First, they are responsible for staffing and placement as they advise the management on the best candidates for various positions and the right workforce needed for the facility. Their roles also extend to legal research on healthcare to find out on the rules and regulations that govern healthcare employees. Management of employees and decision-making are other responsibilities of the HR managers and this shows how important these managers are in the healthcare facilities today (Fallon, JR &McConnell, 2012). Human Resource Management has various functions as it has been noted in the above segments, but the most important function of HR in my opinion is the Organizational Development (OD). OD can be defined as an intentionally or deliberately planned approach to enable an organization increases its efficiency for the

Twos Matrix Essay Example for Free

Twos Matrix Essay Strength-S 1. Samsung enjoys the widest range of product portfolio which includes Mobile phone, TV/Audio/video, camera, home appliances, pc and other accessories. 2. Samsung has dominated the market in south korea in almost all its product line. 3. Samsung has large investments on research and development. 4. Samsung operate using digital technology and product diversification strategy differentiated the company from its competitors. Weakness-W 1. Allocation of marketing budget is not proportional to the needs of the regions. 2. Poor marketing strategy resulting from different message or logo in regions where Samsung was sold. 3. Management’s wrong perception of marketing function. 4. Samsung is a hardware leader but has too much of dependence for software from other parties. Opportunities-O 1. Samsung is the official Olympic partner for the 2000 sydney Olympic games, 2002 winter Olympic games and the 2008 summer games in Beijing. 2. Customers from other countries find Samsung delightful and affordable. 3. Samsung stood poised to become a leader in the era of digital convergence. 4. In china there are prospective five million customers signing up for cellular telephone service each month. SO-Strategies 1. Diversify in the industry of telecommunication in south Korea. (O3,S2) 2. Acquire or build showcase retail outlet in big cities in USA, China, and Russia. (S1,S4,O2,O4) WO-Strategies 1. Introduce Samsung’s products through sponsorship on Olympic, Winter and summer games to enhance brand awareness and increase sales. (W2,O1) 2. Stop operations in such as Germany and countries in north America. (W1,O2,O4) Threats-T 1. Threats from Chinese products. 2. Samsung has wide variety of product lines, failure of one product line wil have impact on the other and will result in brand dilution. 3. Aggressive competitors, including Sony, Nokia, Motorola and Panasonic. 4. Brand such as  Apple and Sony focuses on both software and hardware development. ST-Strategies 1. Improve digital technology and product differentiation to tailor their products, marketing and other activities to needs of the specific market. (S2,S4,T2,T3) 2. Innovate or modify mobile cell phones to cater the diversified preferences of the different nationalities. (S1,S3,T3,T1) WT-Strategies 1. Diversify the business on software industry in order to compete with close rivals. (W4,T4) 2. Set up its own advertisements company will take charge of its global marketing and advertisements. (W1,W3,T1,T2) TOWS Matrix

Edgar Allen Poes The Cask Of Amontillado Essay -- essays research pap

Irony in â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† In the short story, â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† by Edgar Allan Poe, Poe uses two types of irony, dramatic and verbal. Dramatic irony is when the reader perceives something that a character in the story does not. Poe uses this type of irony in the character Fortunato. Verbal irony is when the character says one thing and means something else. This type of irony can be recognized in the statements that the characters, Fortunato and Montresor, say to one another. The name of the character, Fortunato holds dramatic irony within itself. The name Fortunato resembles the word fortunate. In this story, the character Fortunato is anything but fortunate. At the beginning, Fortunato believes that he is fortunate to have a friend, Montresor, who believes to have found a pipe of Amontillado. However, in the end Fortunato learns that he has been tricked and is buried alive. Another ironic feature about the character Fortunato, is the way he is described to be dressed, like a court jester. The time period in which The Cask of Amontillado takes place, court jesters are considered fools. Throughout the story, Fortunato is fooled to believe Montesor’s claim of the Amontillado. When Montresor chains Fortunato to the wall the statement that he says, makes Fortunato look like a fool. â€Å"’ Pass your hand over the wall; you cannot help feeling the nitre. Indeed, it is VERY damp. Once more, let me IMPLORE you to return. No? Then I must positivel y leave you. But ...

Dont Judge a Book by Its Cover

There comes a time in everyone’s life when they must admit that their parents were right. We do not like to admit it, but the old adages they told us as children are normally correct, and we teach them to our children. My mother was adamant about teaching me that you should â€Å"never judge a book by its cover†. Some examples of what she meant are: the color of someone’s skin, the way they dress, the type of car they drive, anything that might give false impressions, either both good or bad. For the majority of my life, I had lived by that rule; kept it engrained in my mind, but when it came to the men in my life, well the cover was everything. When it came to men I was a student of Oscar Wilde who coined the phrase â€Å"It is only the shallow who do not judge by appearances. † I was under the impression that aesthetics were everything. It took me until one day before my twenty-fifth birthday to determine that maybe I should apply the saying that Mom taught me, rather than the philosophy of Wilde, to every aspect of my life. I now know that it is truer than anything else that Mother ever taught me; â€Å"never judge a book by its cover†, or you just might miss a great story. The day before my twenty-fifth birthday three of my girlfriends and I decided to go out for a pre-birthday celebration. There was a big party planned the following night, and we knew that we would not have a lot of time to hang out together. We got all dressed up and went to our favorite sports bar, George’s. I guess we could be considered regulars, and because of that, we knew a lot of the people there that night. As we sat around our table, listening to music and talking, several people came over to the table to give me birthday wishes since they would not be attending the party the next night. About halfway through the evening, a friend of mine named Chuck came over to say hello because we had not seen each other in quite some time. He had been out of town visiting family in Huntsville, Texas. He told me that he had brought one of his cousins back to Houston with him to the bar as well as an old friend from high school. I looked over towards his table and saw a man, who, in my opinion, at the time was the most handsome man I had ever laid eyes on. I had to meet him. There was no way around it; he was tall, dark, and handsome. He had a smile that could light up a room. I did not say anything to Chuck just then, we simply continued our conversation, and I made sure to remind him of the party the following evening. He promised he would come. All the while I hoped that he would bring his friend or cousin. I was not sure yet which he was, but I would soon find out. Sometime after midnight, it was officially my birthday, and I decided that my present to myself would be to meet that handsome stranger. I walked over to Chuck’s table and introduced myself to the other gentlemen. I quickly learned that the man whom I thought was so handsome was Alex, Chuck’s cousin, and the other man was Don, Chuck’s friend from high school. We talked for a while and I invited them all to the party later that night. I made sure they all had my number in case they needed directions and bade them good night. I just knew that Alex would show up and be my next beau. The next evening I got a call from Don, which was not the call that I had been anticipating, he was asking for directions and said that he was coming with Chuck, but they had not heard from Alex. I was a little disappointed, but was excited about the party, so I did not let it get me down. When Don and Chuck arrived, I was shocked to see that Don came in with two dozen long stemmed white roses. â€Å"Happy Birthday Beautiful; you are even more beautiful than the flowers that I hold for you† and he kissed me on my cheek. I felt speechless but somehow managed to muster a quiet Thank you so much, they are amazing. † Once he had given me the flowers, Don and Chuck went to find a seat and I remained stunned in mine. I talked to my friends that were with me the previous night, and one asked â€Å"Where is Alex? † â€Å"I have no idea. † I said. â€Å"Those flowers are incredible! Where did you get them? † my friend Becky asked. â€Å"Don, the friend of Ch uck’s that I met last night at George’s. The flowers are beautiful, and he told me I was too, I can’t believe this, he likes me. I don’t know what to do; he is so nice but just not my type. He’s shorter than most guys I date and he is not slim and trim the way I usually like my boyfriends; what am I going to do? I guess I will just smile and be nice and think about it tomorrow. † I said to my friends and we continued with the party. I never saw Alex that night and never got a phone call from him either. I looked at the flowers all day Sunday and could not get past how much Don was not my type but yet so very sweet. Don called me on Monday to say hi and thank me for inviting him to my party. He had really enjoyed himself. Finally, he asked if I wanted to go to George’s and watch he basketball game on Tuesday night. I was torn, he was nice enough, but I did not want to lead him on because he was not my type, it would never work. I decided to go and see what would happen after some good natured ribbing from my friends about being conceited and mean. I am so glad that my friends did pick on me and make me regret being shallow because I ended up very sere ndipitous. I soon found out that Don was the nicest man I had ever met. After spending some time with him his looks were not of consequence anymore, in fact they had grown on me in a way I never expected they would. Ever since that Tuesday night we have been together and are now married with two beautiful daughters. Once we kissed, that man whom I had once considered a frog quickly turned into a Prince and I was blessed to become his princess. I should have listened to my mother all those years ago and applied the saying to â€Å"never judge a book by its cover† to everything in my life; I may have saved myself some heartache. Thanks Mom for instilling values in me and keeping in the back of my mind, â€Å"never judge a book by its cover† you might miss a great story; or in my case, a fairytale. Dont Judge a Book by Its Cover There comes a time in everyone’s life when they must admit that their parents were right. We do not like to admit it, but the old adages they told us as children are normally correct, and we teach them to our children. My mother was adamant about teaching me that you should â€Å"never judge a book by its cover†. Some examples of what she meant are: the color of someone’s skin, the way they dress, the type of car they drive, anything that might give false impressions, either both good or bad. For the majority of my life, I had lived by that rule; kept it engrained in my mind, but when it came to the men in my life, well the cover was everything. When it came to men I was a student of Oscar Wilde who coined the phrase â€Å"It is only the shallow who do not judge by appearances. † I was under the impression that aesthetics were everything. It took me until one day before my twenty-fifth birthday to determine that maybe I should apply the saying that Mom taught me, rather than the philosophy of Wilde, to every aspect of my life. I now know that it is truer than anything else that Mother ever taught me; â€Å"never judge a book by its cover†, or you just might miss a great story. The day before my twenty-fifth birthday three of my girlfriends and I decided to go out for a pre-birthday celebration. There was a big party planned the following night, and we knew that we would not have a lot of time to hang out together. We got all dressed up and went to our favorite sports bar, George’s. I guess we could be considered regulars, and because of that, we knew a lot of the people there that night. As we sat around our table, listening to music and talking, several people came over to the table to give me birthday wishes since they would not be attending the party the next night. About halfway through the evening, a friend of mine named Chuck came over to say hello because we had not seen each other in quite some time. He had been out of town visiting family in Huntsville, Texas. He told me that he had brought one of his cousins back to Houston with him to the bar as well as an old friend from high school. I looked over towards his table and saw a man, who, in my opinion, at the time was the most handsome man I had ever laid eyes on. I had to meet him. There was no way around it; he was tall, dark, and handsome. He had a smile that could light up a room. I did not say anything to Chuck just then, we simply continued our conversation, and I made sure to remind him of the party the following evening. He promised he would come. All the while I hoped that he would bring his friend or cousin. I was not sure yet which he was, but I would soon find out. Sometime after midnight, it was officially my birthday, and I decided that my present to myself would be to meet that handsome stranger. I walked over to Chuck’s table and introduced myself to the other gentlemen. I quickly learned that the man whom I thought was so handsome was Alex, Chuck’s cousin, and the other man was Don, Chuck’s friend from high school. We talked for a while and I invited them all to the party later that night. I made sure they all had my number in case they needed directions and bade them good night. I just knew that Alex would show up and be my next beau. The next evening I got a call from Don, which was not the call that I had been anticipating, he was asking for directions and said that he was coming with Chuck, but they had not heard from Alex. I was a little disappointed, but was excited about the party, so I did not let it get me down. When Don and Chuck arrived, I was shocked to see that Don came in with two dozen long stemmed white roses. â€Å"Happy Birthday Beautiful; you are even more beautiful than the flowers that I hold for you† and he kissed me on my cheek. I felt speechless but somehow managed to muster a quiet Thank you so much, they are amazing. † Once he had given me the flowers, Don and Chuck went to find a seat and I remained stunned in mine. I talked to my friends that were with me the previous night, and one asked â€Å"Where is Alex? † â€Å"I have no idea. † I said. â€Å"Those flowers are incredible! Where did you get them? † my friend Becky asked. â€Å"Don, the friend of Ch uck’s that I met last night at George’s. The flowers are beautiful, and he told me I was too, I can’t believe this, he likes me. I don’t know what to do; he is so nice but just not my type. He’s shorter than most guys I date and he is not slim and trim the way I usually like my boyfriends; what am I going to do? I guess I will just smile and be nice and think about it tomorrow. † I said to my friends and we continued with the party. I never saw Alex that night and never got a phone call from him either. I looked at the flowers all day Sunday and could not get past how much Don was not my type but yet so very sweet. Don called me on Monday to say hi and thank me for inviting him to my party. He had really enjoyed himself. Finally, he asked if I wanted to go to George’s and watch he basketball game on Tuesday night. I was torn, he was nice enough, but I did not want to lead him on because he was not my type, it would never work. I decided to go and see what would happen after some good natured ribbing from my friends about being conceited and mean. I am so glad that my friends did pick on me and make me regret being shallow because I ended up very sere ndipitous. I soon found out that Don was the nicest man I had ever met. After spending some time with him his looks were not of consequence anymore, in fact they had grown on me in a way I never expected they would. Ever since that Tuesday night we have been together and are now married with two beautiful daughters. Once we kissed, that man whom I had once considered a frog quickly turned into a Prince and I was blessed to become his princess. I should have listened to my mother all those years ago and applied the saying to â€Å"never judge a book by its cover† to everything in my life; I may have saved myself some heartache. Thanks Mom for instilling values in me and keeping in the back of my mind, â€Å"never judge a book by its cover† you might miss a great story; or in my case, a fairytale.

Global Brand Roll-Out Essay

Gross world product up 2.5% in 2005, following two years of < 1% growth. Overall emerging market economies exploding; + 10% GDP growth in China and + 6% growth in Latin America. Political values in emerging markets may make it difficult for foreign competition to enter market without domestic partner and / or; foreign investment & market diversification less attractive (import / export tariffs). Situational Analysis Situational Analysis Industry Purpose of the Oral Personal Care industry is to prevent teeth and gum diseases and deliver cosmetic benefits. Scope of the industry includes toothpaste, floss, mouth rinses and toothbrushes. Industry Definition Competition Colgate has dominant market value share in China (32%) and Mexico (82%). China market fragmented with Colgate & P&G representing 53% of share. Situational Analysis Industry Product Development growth strategy with launches of premium tier brand extensions Crest Whitening Expressions (US) Crest With Scope (US), Colgate Icy Fresh (China), Crest Cool Expressions (MX). Brand Position: Competition Strategy (P&G) C+S = toothpaste + mouthwash + whitening CWE / CCE = flavor + toothpaste + whitening Entering Emerging Markets under its Crest brand without JV partners. Leveraging x-brand scale with Crest + Scope. Built its brand around therapeutic benefits, while cosmetic benefits market growing fastest in Emerging Markets. Innovating in cosmetic segment; a historic Colgate stronghold. Heavily invests in advertising behind new product launches. Situational Analysis Growth Market Strategies Porter Five Forces Analysis Global Oral Personal Care Colgate Palmolive Oral Care SWOT Analysis Situational Analysis Marketing Strategy Pricing: Positioned as a super-premium brand, price parity to Crest Cool Expressions (14.99 – 15.99 pesos). Marketing Budget: $2MM marketing budget aimed to drive trial through in-store merchandising, sampling, and public relations. Corporate Marketing Strategy Objectives Colgate Max Fresh (CMF) Mexico Marketing Plan Strategic Growth driven by high margin core business. Advertising focused on high margin products and high potential markets. Innovation driven: 40% of sales from products launched in past 5 years. Tactical Growth Strategy: Product Development; Super Premium segment Growth Targets: China 2% YR1, 2.8% YR2; MX 5% YR1, 6% YR2 value share. Will require trading up consumers. Value Proposition: CMF would drive new dimension of freshness Target Market: Geared towards 18-34 yr. old adults (female oriented); augment Colgate’s strong competitive position in Value & Mid-Tier. Situational Analysis Marketing Strategy Will US developed media plans translate? Can Colgate effectively trade-up consumers? What impact will cannibalization have on profitability? Is market large enough in Mexico for premium segments? Will benefits of CMF convey to Mexico consumers? BASES testing and Consumer Viability Index showed marginal promise.. CMF Marketing Concerns for Mexico Symptoms of Colgate Palmolive’s Primary Problem Emerging Market consumers are price sensitive Crest attacking cosmetic segment Consumers experiment through trial vs. large initial purchase Despite Growth in key areas Colgate-Palmolive operating profits and net income are down. +6.5% unit volume growth +7% sales dollar growth +0.1% growth in gross profit margin -2% Operational Profit -7% Net Income To drive growth Colgate-Palmolive is looking to focus on higher margin core businesses. Core Elements of the Strategic Problem In the US toothpaste market CP is seeing a 3.1% increase in volume of sales attributable to the Super Premium Toothpaste Category. Global Strategic Opportunity exists in the Premium Toothpaste market. Represents $75 M sales dollar increase and total market cap of $409.5 M dollars Only the Premium Toothpaste Category is growing at a substantial rate. In 2004 CP captured ~60% of that Sales Dollar Increase in the US largely dues to the introduction of Colgate Max Fresh. In order to continue to grow CP must find a way to develop their Premium Toothpaste product CMF in emerging countries. Colgate Palmolive’s Primary Problem Would the costs of adopting CMF in each new country provide sufficient incremental sales and profits to justify the added complexity of localized marketing and rollout plans associated with those new markets. Colgate-Palmolive must continue to globalize its Premium Toothpaste Strategy. Any solution must balance they cost of localization with the expected sales and profit increase for each new market. Also it is in Colgate-Palmolive’s best interest to develop reusable guidelines as it approaches other new markets similar to China and Mexico. Colgate Palmolive’s Secondary Problems Type 1: Establish a tactical marketing plan for the CMF rollout in an emerging market where Colgate-Palmolive has little previously established presence(China) Type 2: Establish a tactical marketing plan for the CMF rollout in an established market that has high competitor activity(Mexico). In order to establish an effective global strategy two types of secondary problems must be solved in the Colgate Max Fresh Case Study: Any solution must balance they cost of localization with the expected sales and profit increase for each new market. Secondary Problem Detail Need to introduce a product to push Colgate-Palmolive profitability Colgate has worldwide share, the only way to expand is to drive high margin business. China(new markets) have strongly entrenched local brands. Colgate Max fresh will need to compete with its own joint venture brand Darlie(High End). Due to new product introduction at the Super Premium Toothpaste Market competitor Crest has 3% growth year to year, Colgate Equity Brands have been stagnant for 3 years. CP is not only loosing out on possible profits but also slowly loosing market share to its #1 competitor. Market is unfamiliar with CMF â€Å"breath strips† US Marketing Video will be ineffective due to the US Star involved. Is it worth creating new celebrity backed marketing content? Will the Go Big or Go Home strategy work in China and other similar markets? How can Colgate-Palmolive best enter the Chinese Market with CMF. China Secondary Problem Detail Colgate-Palmolive knows P&G will be introducing Crest Cool Expressions(CWE) in Mexico in the near future. CO must develop the best marketing plan to stunt P&G Crest Cool Expressions while protecting their overwhelming market share. 82% Value share for Colgate-Palmolive CP needs to create a marketing plan to introduce CMF with limited budget and maximize regional utility. Due to CP’s large inherent market share, the goal of the Mexican campaign will be to maximize the product funnel. There is a large opportunity present to upsell customers from the Big Red Brand toothpaste to the new CMF toothpaste. Mexico See Exhibit 17 – Will waiting to introduce CMF until after the CWE product introduction change the company estimates of profitability? Can the Mexico Snowsurfer commercial be better standardized for global marketing plans? Going forward how will CP utilize this marketing plan for future markets? Colgate-Palmolive Company Alternatives Locally make the clear bottle Works for China, not Mexico China Allows for ease of expansion of the Colgate Max Fresh brand in clear bottle to other regional locales Also, provides future capabilities for use in other new products Problems: This does add 20% variable cost to COGS Initiates a 6 month delay on production $1.5 M sunk cost before production Alternatives Colgate-Palmolive Company Alternatives Regional Market Alternatives Mexico China Colgate-Palmolive Company Alternatives Provide more trial availability with the smaller packages to sway more to give CMF a try CMF has the breath strips or â€Å"cooling crystals† within the toothpaste, therefore bundle the breath strips package with CMF to build awareness. Stop utilizing celebrities to promote CMF Provide regional flavors Keeps product as a premium product Cost of $200,000 per flavor Has shown promising outcomes in other regions In China, Crest utilized a tea flavor and Colgate a salt flavor In Russia, after releasing a local flavor, the toothpaste market share rose from 11.8% in 2002 to 24.9% in 2005. Colgate-Palmolive Company Alternatives Allows for greater differentiation between the CWE toothpaste In Mexico, drop the price from 15.99 pesos to 14.99 pesos to protect a greater share of CP market share. In Mexico and other markets CP is highly entrenched in, utilize clear bottle In Mexico, Keep the price at 15.99 pesos Implementation Strategic Vs. Tactical Plans The strategic plan moving forward for emerging markets will be to use an easily customizable commercial and adapt it to multiple countries Colgate is the dominant toothpaste brand world wide, so our primary goal will be to prevent Crest from gaining market share and also to upsell our existing customers to the super premium segment We agree with the decision to use a celebrity commercial in China due to the size of the market share the Crest is cultivating Each region and culture has a different set of values and preferences Each region will have a unique tactical plan to maximize effectiveness Jay Chou Colgate Max Fresh Commercial Implementation in China Dispensing the toothpaste in clear bottles to build brand awareness Colgate-Palmolive has invested a large amount of capitol in the Max Fresh marketing campaign Maximize the return on investment by: Transition to less expensive packaging once consumers are familiar with product Include breath strip samples with Max Fresh tooth paste in selected markets Snowsurfer Commercial (English Dub) Implementation in Mexico Our strategies in Mexico will be very similar to our plan in other emerging markets Focus will be on preserving our market share instead of new growth Use clear bottle and breath strip samples in select markets to increase brand awareness Colgate accounts for 82% of total market share compared to 10.2% of Crest’s total market share Crest + Scope only accounts for 3%of total market share Set price at 14.99 pesos per 100 ml We will re-evaluate our Colgate Total (19.36 pesos per 100 ml) marketing campaign to focus on the affluent 40+ age group to minimize cannibalization Implementation in Brazil Characteristics of the Brazilian Market 71% of Brazilians agree that â€Å"music is an important part of my life† 33% have participated in trips to the beach in the last 30 days 76% agree that â€Å"it is important to be attractive to the opposite sex† 65% agree that â€Å"it is important to keep young looking† 32% express the desire for plastic surgery in order to improve their appearance Statistics from Geoff Wicken, KMR Group Tactical Strategy Brazil Vollyball is the 2nd most popular sport in Brazil To become a sponsor on the FIVB circuit, we must apply by July 31, 2006 Update packaging to include â€Å"Made in Brazil† The busy season in Rio De Janeiro December to March, so we recommend kicking off a medial marketing campaign in October 2006 This will give Colgate-Palmolive a chance to evaluate the success of the BreathStrip samples in China and Mexico If we do not see the return on investment we will not include the promotional packaging in Brazil Brazilians place a high emphasis on being attractive to the opposite sex, which means there could a tremendous opportunity to market Colgate Max Fresh as a product that will whiten teeth and make you more â€Å"kissable† Adapt the SnowSurfer commercial to the Brazilian market Sponsor a national beach vollyball tournament Conclusion Colgate-Palmolive is actively seeking ways to increase their operating profit and net income Introducing new high margin products to emerging markets will be critical to their success Marketing Colgate Max Fresh as efficiently and effectively as possible will be necessary in helping us achieve our financial goals UNILEVER

Positive Working Practice Essays

Positive Working Practice Essays Positive Working Practice Paper Positive Working Practice Paper Essay Topic: Health Positive working practice enables health and social care workers to meet the specific needs of clients. Each area of work needs to ensure that it meets the needs of all individuals. This means that everyone must have access to all these services regardless of their abilities. Positive working practice becomes a great asset when considering how it can be applied to help those with additional needs. Before this was implemented, it was a common for individuals with additional needs to be expected to fit in with the rest of society. This meant that their needs were not being met. No real effort was put into concluding if the treatment they were receiving was beneficial to them or not. In recent years, this has been changed. Services provide a more patient orientated examination. Meaning the patient is directly involved in every decision made. This left all decisive action down to them, ensuring they got the treatment they needed and felt comfortable with. Looking at this from the perspective of someone with additional needs, you can conclude that this method would make them feel in control of their condition. Rather than someone telling what they think should be done, they decide. This is effective because after all, the individual is the one with the condition and not the service providers. They will have a better understanding of what will work for them and what will not. Because of the more active role in the decision making process, individuals will have a better understanding of what will take place. This ensures people with additional needs are not being talked at; rather they are having an involved discussion with another person on equal terms. What if the individual is not mentally capable of making decisions regarding their wellbeing? How can health and social care providers provide services that meet the needs of clients that are not mentally capable of making decisions about their wellbeing? Decisions in such scenarios will be made by trusted family members or relatives. This ensures the decisions made have the interests of the client in mind. However, the Mental Capacity Act 2005 allows doctors to overrule decisions in certain scenarios. It can be disputed that this is marginalise those with mental conditions and will make the decisions made by relatives invalid. Although, you could also argue that these decisions are based on fear and a lack of medical knowledge, and not the needs of the individual. It is a difficult subject to consider and opinions will differ depending on the perspective. This largely depends on which model of disability is being considered. Relatives will try to take a more holistic approach, but will falter when trying to take into consideration medical aspects of the scenario. Such disputes are common because the service user will not be able to give their decisive opinion, leaving others to deduce what they believe is best for them. The implementation of Positive working practice is not limited to decision making. It also ensures that the services provided are readily available to everyone. This means that should someone decided on a particular service; it is guaranteed that they will be given access to this service. This can prove difficult for health care services to achieve. This is because individuals will have very different needs and views concerning what methods should be taken. Meaning that they will have to be as flexible as possible to ensure these needs are met. The purpose of positive working practice is not to overpower individuals and provide services they need to everyone. Rather it is implemented to ensure that services are readily available should anyone choose to use them. People working in health care are encouraged to provide care in a manner that assists clients as opposed to doing everything for them. This can be related to the care palliative patients receive. Care plans are assembled using the input of health professionals and family members. This allows the health care professionals to provide the medical care required, whilst doing so in an atmosphere that makes the client feel comfortable and dignified. Clients are also challenged to do what they are physically able unless they or family members have stated otherwise. It is common in health and medical areas of care for individuals to be treated using methods that promote normalisation. Applying my knowledge of positive working practice will prove beneficial when dealing with those with additional needs. It will enable me to provide care in a manner that respects the rights of the patients. Though my interaction with patients will be limited, I can still apply positive working practice into all aspects of care. This could include actions such as allowing wheelchair bound patients to transport themselves if they are able, not controlling it for them. I will also have to ensure I take a holistic approach to my treatment of patients. This is a method of that is learnt through experience and would not be something I could achieve without any prior experience. If I were to assume what could help a certain individual before I actually come into contact with them, I will not be implementing a needs-led approach to my care. Therefore, it is important that I apply my experiences into to future care so that I can make improvements when required.

Anticipated Challenges and Planned Responses

This is also a serious matter of all food industries because its good name is at stake. Orion Foods Inc. being a competitive newcomer, will go through big paces to earn the market’s trust, which is too costly. We have to respond to regulatory authorities which provide the compulsory national framework for food or meat hygiene programmes through laws and regulations. Response Hygienic measures are to be taken during the various processing steps in the manufacture of meat products – the Meat Processing Hygiene. This is part of a firm’s Quality Management (QM) based on the following three principles crucial for meat processing operations: * Prevent microbial contamination of raw materials, intermediate (semi-manufactured)goods and final products during meat product manufacture through absolute cleanliness of tools, working tables, machines as well as hands and outfits of personnel. * Minimize microbial growth in raw materials, semi-manufactured goods and final products by storing them at a low temperature. Reduce or eliminate microbial contamination by applying heat treatment at the final processing stage for extension of shelf life of products Fig. *** Microbiological contamination in the meat processing chain Figure *** shows the extent of contamination among meat processing operations, and the possible remedies, if any. If these processes were relinquished, it would highly contaminate meat which is unsuitable for further processing. Final products could be unattractive, tasteless o r shorter in shelf life. In light of this issue, Quality Management schemes are needed. Such schemes have technical and hygienic components. The former encompasses product composition, processing technologies, packaging, storage and distribution. The hygienic aspect, related to meat processes, focuses not only for the final product, but also for the raw materials in various processes. It has two useful schemes: * Good Hygienic Practices (GHP) It follows general hygienic rules and applies recognized hygienic principles as well as laws and regulations issued by the competent authorities, referring to meat and meat products, equipment, Premises and personnel. GHP schemes are not factory specific, they apply to all types of meat plants. They are intended to establish and maintain acceptable hygienic standards in relevant meat operations. * Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) HACCP are factory and product specific strictly sanitary control schemes that shall prevent, detect, control and/or reduce to save levels accidentally occurring hazards to consumers’ health. Despite GHP in place, accidental hazards cannot be ruled out and may occur at any processing step of the individual meat product. Specifically for meat processing plants, such hazards may be provoked by failures such as: * batches of incoming raw meat materials with abnormal tissues or * heavy contamination, * breakdowns in refrigeration, * failure in cooking/sterilization operations, * abnormal pH or a * in raw or finished products, * errors in levels of application of * curing salts and other additives, * technical problems in sealing of * vacuum packages or cans with * the risk of recontamination. Anticipated Challenges and Planned Responses This is also a serious matter of all food industries because its good name is at stake. Orion Foods Inc. being a competitive newcomer, will go through big paces to earn the market’s trust, which is too costly. We have to respond to regulatory authorities which provide the compulsory national framework for food or meat hygiene programmes through laws and regulations. Response Hygienic measures are to be taken during the various processing steps in the manufacture of meat products – the Meat Processing Hygiene. This is part of a firm’s Quality Management (QM) based on the following three principles crucial for meat processing operations: * Prevent microbial contamination of raw materials, intermediate (semi-manufactured)goods and final products during meat product manufacture through absolute cleanliness of tools, working tables, machines as well as hands and outfits of personnel. * Minimize microbial growth in raw materials, semi-manufactured goods and final products by storing them at a low temperature. Reduce or eliminate microbial contamination by applying heat treatment at the final processing stage for extension of shelf life of products Fig. *** Microbiological contamination in the meat processing chain Figure *** shows the extent of contamination among meat processing operations, and the possible remedies, if any. If these processes were relinquished, it would highly contaminate meat which is unsuitable for further processing. Final products could be unattractive, tasteless o r shorter in shelf life. In light of this issue, Quality Management schemes are needed. Such schemes have technical and hygienic components. The former encompasses product composition, processing technologies, packaging, storage and distribution. The hygienic aspect, related to meat processes, focuses not only for the final product, but also for the raw materials in various processes. It has two useful schemes: * Good Hygienic Practices (GHP) It follows general hygienic rules and applies recognized hygienic principles as well as laws and regulations issued by the competent authorities, referring to meat and meat products, equipment, Premises and personnel. GHP schemes are not factory specific, they apply to all types of meat plants. They are intended to establish and maintain acceptable hygienic standards in relevant meat operations. * Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) HACCP are factory and product specific strictly sanitary control schemes that shall prevent, detect, control and/or reduce to save levels accidentally occurring hazards to consumers’ health. Despite GHP in place, accidental hazards cannot be ruled out and may occur at any processing step of the individual meat product. Specifically for meat processing plants, such hazards may be provoked by failures such as: * batches of incoming raw meat materials with abnormal tissues or * heavy contamination, * breakdowns in refrigeration, * failure in cooking/sterilization operations, * abnormal pH or a * in raw or finished products, * errors in levels of application of * curing salts and other additives, * technical problems in sealing of * vacuum packages or cans with * the risk of recontamination.

Listening Log Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Listening Log - Essay Example Title: I’m Gonna Be Album: Sunshine on Leith Artist: The Proclaimers Year of Release: 1988 Rock Style: Pop Rock or Celtic Rock Musical Characteristics: Proving that pop music can be defined by a broad spectrum of sounds and experiences, this piece of music has the sound of an Scottish drinking song, the lyrics of a sentimental ballad, and a hard driving beat that pushes the listener to embrace the hook in such a way that it will either pleasantly or irritatingly hang on long after the song has ended. Finding fame in the film Benny & Joon starring Johnny Depp, the song picked up fame in the United States, even while experiencing continuing fame in its originating country, Scotland, as it is often heard and sung during football games. Comparison The two pieces are similar, first, in that they both have an unusual sound that was picked up due to a specific hook that caught the attention of the listening public. These songs represent the kind of music that, once heard, do not easi ly leave the mind of the listener. The construction of the music in both works is simple and straight forward, the music developed through a limited instrumentation and a heavy emphasis on the beat of the drum.